Mac, 开发环境

2020-09-01

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Mac 部署 UE 开发环境

MacOS 安装 UE

UE 要求 MacOS 的分区格式为 不区分大小写 （不然 EpicLauncher 也无法安装），而且安装引擎的要求是系统版本大于10.13.5，否则会出现引擎崩溃和一些不支持的情况(尝试忽略错误无法安装成功)。
编译依赖 xcode，就像依赖 VS 一样，需要安装编译环境。
如果安装完 UE 和 Xcode 之后创建项目提示下列错误：

An error occurred while trying to generate project files.
Running Mono...
Setting up Mono
/Users/Shared/UnrealEngine/4.22/Engine /Users/Shared/UnrealEngine/4.22/Engine/Binaries/Mac
Discovering modules, targets and source code for project...
Compiling with non-standard Xcode (xcode-select): /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/
Triggered an exception while looking for SDK directory in Xcode.app
System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: Directory '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs' not found.
  at System.IO.Directory.ValidateDirectoryListing (System.String path, System.String searchPattern, System.Boolean& stop) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 
  at System.IO.Directory.GetFileSystemEntries (System.String path, System.String searchPattern, FileAttributes mask, FileAttributes attrs) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 
  at System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories (System.String path, System.String searchPattern) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 
  at System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories (System.String path) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 
  at UnrealBuildTool.AppleToolChain.SelectSDK (System.String BaseSDKDir, System.String OSPrefix, System.String& PlatformSDKVersion, Boolean bVerbose) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>:0 
ERROR: Invalid SDK MacOSX.sdk, not found in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs

则安装Xcode Command Line Tools，然后执行以下命令即可：

1	$ sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/

Mac 修改 SSHD 默认端口

有些内网有端口限制，低于 xxxx 的端口默认不开放，所以在 22 端口被限制的情况下如何进行远程构建？修改 SSH 的默认端口！

编辑 /etc/services 文件中的 ssh 的端口：

1	$ vim /etc/services

把 SSH 的端口改为其他的：

1 2	ssh 22/udp # SSH Remote Login Protocol ssh 22/tcp # SSH Remote Login Protocol

修改为：

1 2	ssh 2222/udp # SSH Remote Login Protocol ssh 2222/tcp # SSH Remote Login Protocol

保存退出。
还需要重新加载配置使端口生效：

1 2	$ sudo launchctl unload /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist $ sudo launchctl load -w /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/ssh.plist

然后测试端口是否可以连接:

1	$ ssh localhost -p 2222

Can’t change PORT listen on macOS X Mojave for built-in SSH

为 xcode 开启多线程编译

首先看一下 Mac 的硬件配置：

1	$ sysctl machdep.cpu

找到 machdep.cpu.core_count 字段，其中的数值就是 Mac 的核心数。

然后可以给 xcode 开启多线程，数量数为核心数 *2，如我的是 8 核，就可以开启 16 线程：

1	$ defaults write com.apple.Xcode PBXNumberOfParallelBuildSubtasks 16

Mac 系统内置的 Framework

有时候需要在 UE 的模块中引入系统的 Framework，那么 Mac 默认包含哪些 Framework 呢？可以通过以下方式查看。
我使用的系统版本为 10.15.2，可以通过sw_vers 查看：

buildmachine@LIPENGZHA-MC0 ~ % sw_vers
ProductName:    Mac OS X
ProductVersion: 10.15.2
BuildVersion:   19C57

系统内置的 Framework 在以下目录中：

1	/System/Library/Frameworks

在 10.15.2 版本中包含以下 framework：

AGL.framework                           ColorSync.framework                     CoreVideo.framework                    GameKit.framework
LinkPresentation.framework              OpenGL.framework                        SoundAnalysis.framework
AVFoundation.framework                  Combine.framework                       CoreWLAN.framework                     GameplayKit.framework
LocalAuthentication.framework           PCSC.framework                          Speech.framework
AVKit.framework                         Contacts.framework                      CryptoKit.framework                    HIDDriverKit.framework
MapKit.framework                        PDFKit.framework                        SpriteKit.framework
Accelerate.framework                    ContactsUI.framework                    CryptoTokenKit.framework               Hypervisor.framework
MediaAccessibility.framework            PencilKit.framework                     StoreKit.framework
Accounts.framework                      CoreAudio.framework                     DVDPlayback.framework                  ICADevices.framework
MediaLibrary.framework                  Photos.framework                        SwiftUI.framework
AdSupport.framework                     CoreAudioKit.framework                  DeviceCheck.framework                  IMServicePlugIn.framework
MediaPlayer.framework                   PhotosUI.framework                      SyncServices.framework
AddressBook.framework                   CoreAudioTypes.framework                DirectoryService.framework             IOBluetooth.framework
MediaToolbox.framework                  PreferencePanes.framework               System.framework
AppKit.framework                        CoreBluetooth.framework                 DiscRecording.framework                IOBluetoothUI.framework
Message.framework                       PushKit.framework                       SystemConfiguration.framework
AppleScriptKit.framework                CoreData.framework                      DiscRecordingUI.framework              IOKit.framework
Metal.framework                         Python.framework                        SystemExtensions.framework
AppleScriptObjC.framework               CoreDisplay.framework                   DiskArbitration.framework              IOSurface.framework
MetalKit.framework                      QTKit.framework                         TWAIN.framework
ApplicationServices.framework           CoreFoundation.framework                DriverKit.framework                    IOUSBHost.framework
MetalPerformanceShaders.framework       Quartz.framework                        Tcl.framework
AudioToolbox.framework                  CoreGraphics.framework                  EventKit.framework                     IdentityLookup.framework
MetricKit.framework                     QuartzCore.framework                    Tk.framework
AudioUnit.framework                     CoreHaptics.framework                   ExceptionHandling.framework            ImageCaptureCore.framework
ModelIO.framework                       QuickLook.framework                     USBDriverKit.framework
AudioVideoBridging.framework            CoreImage.framework                     ExecutionPolicy.framework              ImageIO.framework
MultipeerConnectivity.framework         QuickLookThumbnailing.framework         UserNotifications.framework
AuthenticationServices.framework        CoreLocation.framework                  ExternalAccessory.framework            InputMethodKit.framework
NaturalLanguage.framework               RealityKit.framework                    VideoDecodeAcceleration.framework
Automator.framework                     CoreMIDI.framework                      FWAUserLib.framework                   InstallerPlugins.framework
NetFS.framework                         Ruby.framework                          VideoSubscriberAccount.framework
BackgroundTasks.framework               CoreMIDIServer.framework                FileProvider.framework                 InstantMessage.framework
Network.framework                       SafariServices.framework                VideoToolbox.framework
BusinessChat.framework                  CoreML.framework                        FileProviderUI.framework               Intents.framework
NetworkExtension.framework              SceneKit.framework                      Vision.framework
CFNetwork.framework                     CoreMedia.framework                     FinderSync.framework                   JavaFrameEmbedding.framework
NetworkingDriverKit.framework           ScreenSaver.framework                   WebKit.framework
CalendarStore.framework                 CoreMediaIO.framework                   ForceFeedback.framework                JavaScriptCore.framework
NotificationCenter.framework            ScriptingBridge.framework               iTunesLibrary.framework
CallKit.framework                       CoreMotion.framework                    Foundation.framework                   JavaVM.framework
OSAKit.framework                        Security.framework                      vecLib.framework
Carbon.framework                        CoreServices.framework                  GLKit.framework                        Kerberos.framework
OSLog.framework                         SecurityFoundation.framework            vmnet.framework
CloudKit.framework                      CoreSpotlight.framework                 GLUT.framework                         Kernel.framework
OpenAL.framework                        SecurityInterface.framework
Cocoa.framework                         CoreTelephony.framework                 GSS.framework                          LDAP.framework
OpenCL.framework                        ServiceManagement.framework
Collaboration.framework                 CoreText.framework                      GameController.framework               LatentSemanticMapping.framework
OpenDirectory.framework                 Social.framework

安装 CommandLineTool

Xcode’s metal shader compiler was not found, verify Xcode has been installed on this Mac and that it has been selected in Xcode > Preferences > Locations > Command-line Tools.

actool 错误

1 2	UATHelper: Packaging (iOS): xcrun: error: unable to find utility "actool", not a developer tool or in PATH PackagingResults: Error: unable to find utility "actool", not a developer tool or in PATH

这是因为把 CommandLinTool 设置为默认的命令行工具之后，CommandLinTool/use/bin下并没有 actool 等工具。
这是个十分坑爹的问题，用 xcode 作为默认的命令行工具导致 Cook 不过，用 CommandLineTool 又在编译时有问题。
我的解办法是把 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin 通过软连接方式链接到/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr:

# 当然要先备份 CommandLineTool/usr/bin
$ mv /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/Command_bin
# 创建 xcode 的 bin 目录的软连接
$ sudo ln -s /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

解除 MacOS 安装软件的限制

允许任何来源，运行第三方应用

1	sudo spctl --master-disable

安装灰色的 dmg

1	hdiutil attach #dmg 文件名 #

MacOS 读写 NTFS

装上 macOS 之后发现，macOS 可以读取 ntfs 的文件，但是不可以写入，这十分蛋疼。
查了一下说是因为微软的限制，但是 macOS 本身是做了读写的功能的，只是被关闭了，可以通过以下方法开启。

首先，在终端下执行 diskutil list 查看磁盘信息：

visionsmile$ diskutil list
/dev/disk0 (internal, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *240.1 GB   disk0
   1:                        EFI                         312.5 MB   disk0s1
   2:         Microsoft Reserved                         134.2 MB   disk0s2
   3:       Microsoft Basic Data Windows                 164.3 GB   disk0s3
   4:                 Apple_APFS Container disk1         75.3 GB    disk0s4

/dev/disk1 (synthesized):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      APFS Container Scheme -                      +75.3 GB    disk1
                                 Physical Store disk0s4
   1:                APFS Volume OSX                     34.2 GB    disk1s1
   2:                APFS Volume Preboot                 21.1 MB    disk1s2
   3:                APFS Volume Recovery                509.8 MB   disk1s3
   4:                APFS Volume VM                      2.1 GB     disk1s4

/dev/disk2 (external, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:      GUID_partition_scheme                        *4.0 TB     disk2
   1:         Microsoft Reserved                         134.2 MB   disk2s1
   2:       Microsoft Basic Data Document                4.0 TB     disk2s2

/dev/disk3 (internal, physical):
   #:                       TYPE NAME                    SIZE       IDENTIFIER
   0:     FDisk_partition_scheme                        *1.0 TB     disk3
   1:               Windows_NTFS Documents2              1.0 TB     disk3s1

需要记录的是 ntfs 磁盘的 NAME 信息，我这里有三个 ntfs 分区windows/Documents/Documents2.

然后继续执行命令，更新 fatab 文件：

1	sudo nano /etc/fstab

输入下列内容，并把 LABEL= 之后的内容替换为上面记录的分区的名字：

1
2
3

LABEL=Windows none ntfs rw,auto,nobrowse
LABEL=Documents none ntfs rw,auto,nobrowse
LABEL=Documents2 none ntfs rw,auto,nobrowse

重启之后即可。
注意：重启之后的移动磁盘不会在桌面上现实，必须要打开 Finder 才可以看到。